in Project-Based Supply Chains:
Project Performance Implications
in Beverage Distribution
FEATURED PAPER
By Chidubem Ebere-Nwosu i, George Junior Akaun ii, Patricia Onyinyechi Onyechereiii, Chinyere Chienyenwa Nnajiiv, Oluchi Ebere Chukwuv, Osita Valentine Okwaravi
i International Breweries Plc, Nigeria
ii Department of Project Management Technology, Federal University of Technology
iii Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Federal University of Technology
iv, v Department of Logistics and Transport Technology, Federal University of Technology
vi Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Federal University of Technology
Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Abstract
Warehouse Costs and Distribution Planning in Project-Based Supply Chains: Project Performance Implications in Beverage Distribution The study examines the impact of warehouse costs and distribution planning on project performance among beverage distributors in Imo State, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2024. It examines the effects of warehouse costs on cost efficiency and productivity in project-based supply chains, and distribution planning on logistics performance in project-based supply chains. A survey research design was conducted and 333 logistics and distribution employees responded to a questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings reveal that there is no significant effect of warehouse costs on project productivity (F(1,298) = 0.013, p = .908). Similarly, there was no significant association between distribution planning and logistics performance (r = .003, p = .960). Nevertheless, survey participants reported that good distribution planning and inventory management support project delivery, efficient operations, reduced delays and cost management. As such, this research implies project performance in beverage distribution depends more on operational efficiency, inventory control systems and the integration of logistics activities, than warehouse cost levels. Therefore, it is advised that companies implement Warehouse Management Systems (WMS), improve distribution planning and provide ongoing training to improve project execution performance.
Keywords: Warehouse Cost, Distribution Planning, Project Performance, Logistics Performance, Beverage Distribution, Nigeria
1.0 Introduction
Our increasingly competitive, technologically advanced and customer-driven global economy demands that businesses adapt to constantly evolving market needs. As a result, companies are constantly seeking to create strategies to improve operational efficiency, minimise costs, and maintain profitability. In this regard, supply chain management has become a key driver for project and organisational success, and warehousing has evolved into a strategic element that facilitates project delivery, rather than simply being a storage location. In fact, recent literature highlights that today’s warehouses are now considered as a key component in the supply chain and have a profound effect on project performance and service delivery efficiency, which in turn affects competitiveness (Christopher, 2016; Langley et al., 2016; Bowersox et al., 2013). As such, warehouse management is crucial to co-ordinate all other operational activities in the supply chain to support timely, economic project delivery. This is especially true in sectors like beverage distribution, where the products are highly perishable, delivery times are critical, and demand is highly variable and unpredictable.
In project-based operational settings, the effectiveness of warehouse activities impacts project schedules, on-time delivery, customer satisfaction and cost-efficiency. In the past, the role of warehousing has been considered a cost centre within supply chains, with little strategic importance (Rushton et al., 2017). But such views have evolved with the globalisation and development of supply chain management theories. Today, warehouses are sophisticated systems that perform storage, consolidation, repacking and other distribution functions which impact both pre- and post-project phases (Waters, 2014).
As a result, the main focus of warehousing has shifted to reducing total cost of operations while maintaining or enhancing service levels and delivering projects successfully (Monczka et al., 2015). This shift underscores the need for effective warehouse management in delivering project performance, especially in distribution-intensive industries like beverage. In emerging markets like Nigeria supply chain inefficiency is a critical factor affecting firm and project performance. Companies still rely on archaic manual inventory management techniques, such as pen and paper, which are subject to inaccuracies, inefficiencies and inconsistencies (Anichebe, 2013; Anichebe and Agu, 2014). These inefficiencies lead to inaccurate inventory levels, demand planning and production and distribution inefficiencies, which in turn affect project performance and delivery (Okoro et al., 2016).
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How to cite this paper: Ebere-Nwosu, C., Akaun, G. J., Onyechere, P. O., Nnaji, C. C., Chukwu, O. E., Okwara, O. V. (2026). Warehouse Costs and Distribution Planning in Project-Based Supply Chains: Project Performance Implications in Beverage Distribution; PM World Journal, Vol. XV, Issue VI, June. Available online at https://pmworldjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/pmwj165-Jun2026-Warehouse-Costs-and-Distribution-Planning-in-Project-based-supply-chains.pdf
About the Authors
Chidubem Ebere-Nwosu
Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Chidubem Ebere-Nwosu is an expert in warehouse, sales and logistics management, often cited for providing practical advice on efficient warehouse management practices. He is currently a master’s student in the department of Project Management Technology, in the Federal University of Technology Owerri. Chidubem obtained a Bachelor of Technology in Transport Management Technology from the Federal University of Technology Owerri.
George Junior Akaun
Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
George Junior Akaun is an Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Project Management Technology at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria. He holds a Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Project Management Technology. He has published several scholarly articles in both national and international reputable journals and has contributed significantly to academic research in project management. His research interests include Green Supply Chain Management in building and road construction projects, project performance, and sustainable infrastructure development.
Mr. Akaun is actively involved in university community service, serving in roles related to quality assurance and as a class adviser, contributing to academic development and student mentorship. He is a Chartered member of the Association of Business and Operations Knowledge & Innovation (ABOKI) and holds certifications in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE Levels 1 & 2). He has also presented papers at conferences and workshops within and outside Nigeria. He can be contacted via email at gakaun12@gmail.com or by telephone at Tel: +2348033889519.
Dr. Patricia Onyinyechi Onyechere
Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Dr. Patricia Onyinyechi Onyechere is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Federal University of Technology, Owerri. She holds a B.Sc. in Marketing, an M.Sc. in Financial Management, an M.Sc. in Marketing, and a Ph.D. in Marketing. Her areas of specialization include Strategic Marketing, Digital Marketing, Entrepreneurship, and Digital Entrepreneurship. She has contributed to academia through several journal publications, with a focus on innovative marketing strategies, digital transformation, and entrepreneurial development.
Dr. Oluchi Ebere Chukwu
Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Dr. Oluchi Ebere Chukwu is affiliated with the Department of Logistics and Transport Technology at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria. Her academic and research interests focus on logistics management, supply chain systems, and transportation operations. She can be contacted via email at chukwuoly81@gmail.com or by telephone at +2348063450678.
Chinyere Chienyenwa Nnaji
Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Chinyere Chienyenwa Nnaji is Chinyere C. Nnaji is a Nigerian academic in the field of hospitality and tourism management. She was born in Benue State, where her early experiences influenced her interest in culture, service and hospitality. She pursued her academic journey in Hospitality and Tourism Management, advancing her studies to the doctoral (Ph.D.) level with research interests centered on tourism development, service management and sustainable practices within the hospitality industry. Dr. Nnaji currently serves as a staff member at the Federal University of Technology, where she works as a lecturer in the Department of Logistics and Transport. In this role, she contributes to teaching, research Technology and academic development within the department. Beyond her professional life, Chinyere has a strong passion for traveling, which allows her to explore diverse cultures and broaden her perspective. She also enjoys reading and cooking. Her academic and professional journey reflects a steady commitment to learning, research, and contributing to knowledge in her field.
Osita Valentine Okwara
Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Osita Valentine Okwara is currently working at the federal University of Technology Owerri as a graduate assistant in the department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, School of Logistics and innovation Technology (FUTO), Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. He is pursuing an MSc at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State. He is waiting for his External defence that marks the conclusion of the Programme. He is discharging his duties as directed by his Head of the department.
