FEATURED PAPER
By Salam Jaroshi
Libya
Abstract
This paper introduces the theoretical framework known as PYTHEO and its associated Pyramid Theory, designed to revolutionize project management practices. The theory addresses a critical gap in current methodologies by providing a comprehensive, hierarchical structure for managing projects from inception to completion. By incorporating elements such as the Needs-Expectations-Requirements (NER) framework, gears (stakeholders, resources, risks, quality), facades (cost, time, performance), and lifecycle models like STEPS and APEMC, PYTHEO offers a flexible yet robust approach to ensuring alignment with project objectives and delivering high-quality outcomes. This paper outlines the key principles of the theory, demonstrates its mathematical and conceptual underpinnings, explores its implications across various domains, and proposes methods for validation and testing. Ultimately, PYTHEO aims to enhance efficiency, resource utilization, and stakeholder satisfaction in project management while fostering innovation in interdisciplinary applications.
Introduction
Project management has long relied on established methodologies such as Agile, Waterfall, and frameworks such as PMBOK, PRINCE2, and PM2. However, these frameworks often fall short when addressing complex, dynamic environments characterized by uncertainty, evolving requirements, and diverse stakeholder interests. Existing theories fail to provide an integrated, adaptable system capable of balancing competing priorities while maintaining focus on core objectives.
The PYTHEO framework fills this void by introducing the Pyramid Theory, which structures project data into a mature final product through a systematic hierarchy of components. These include foundational elements such as NER (Needs, Expectations, Requirements), intermediate gears (stakeholders, resources, risks, quality), and facades (cost, time, performance). Additionally, PYTHEO incorporates lifecycle models like STEPS and APEMC to guide project progression effectively. This study aims to present the theoretical foundations of PYTHEO, demonstrate its practical utility, and highlight areas for future research and application.
Background and Literature Review
The field of project management is rich with theoretical contributions, including traditional approaches like Waterfall, iterative methods like Agile, and hybrid models that combine aspects of both. Despite their widespread adoption, these methodologies struggle with certain limitations:
- Waterfall Model: While effective for linear, predictable projects, it lacks flexibility and adaptability in dynamic environments
- Agile Methodology: Although highly responsive to change, Agile can be challenging to implement in large-scale or heavily regulated projects due to its emphasis on rapid iteration over documentation.
- PRINCE2 Framework: Though structured and process-driven, PRINCE2 may become overly rigid, limiting creativity and responsiveness.
Recent advancements have sought to address these gaps, but no single theory provides a holistic solution encompassing all phases of project development, stakeholder engagement, and resource optimization. The introduction of PYTHEO and its Pyramid Theory seeks to bridge this divide by offering a unified framework that integrates best practices from existing methodologies while introducing novel concepts tailored to modern challenges.
More…
To read entire paper, click here
How to cite this paper: Jaroshi, S. (2025). PYTHEO and Pyramid Theory; PM World Journal, Vol. XIV, Issue IV, April. Available online at http://pmworldlibrary.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/pmwj151-Apr2025-Jaroshi-PYTHEO-and-Pyramid-Theory.pdf
About the Author
Salam Jaroshi
Libya
Salam Jaroshi is a Project Management and Smart Cities expert with 15+ years of experience integrating methodologies, risk, quality, sustainability, and value across industries, including engineering, construction, telecom, technology, utilities, and energy, with a proven track record in consulting for government, private, and non-profit sectors. As Dean of Engineering and Full Professor at Hodos School of Business & Engineering, he specializes in Civil & Structural Engineering, Systems Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, while advocating for multidisciplinary project management research. He is also founder and President of the APMA – American Project Academy Management – founded in 2012 in Rochester NY USA. Currently, he is expanding his expertise into the cutting-edge application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Project Management. Salam.Jaroshi@hodos.swiss | salamjaroshi@gmail.com | www.hodos.swiss/faculty/SalamJaroshi
